The Atomic Bombing Of Hiroshima And Nagasaki
.... achieved the first man-made nuclear reaction. An
atomic bomb could now be developed. Many scientists and other skilled
workers participated in the making of the first atomic bomb. However, only
few knew what they were making. In 1944, after D-Day, the Alsos (a troop
sent to find how far the Germans had come in the building of the atomic
bomb) radioed back that they had given up in their attempt to make it.
Still, despite scientists' pleas with the President to discontinue it, the
U.S. maintained the work on their atomic bomb (Conrad, 1982, 12-16). In
Alamogordo, New Mexico, on July 16, 1945, the first atomic bomb was
de .....
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Germany's Role In World War One
.... in ensuring that war was inevitable.
On June 28, 1914, a Serbian terrorist group killed Archduke Francis
Ferdinand, future ruler of Austria-Hungary, and his wife Sophia while
visiting Sarajevo, the capital of Bosnia and Herzegovina which was a
former Serbian state recently annexed by Austria-Hungary. Gravrilo Princip,
a nineteen-year old student from Belgrade, the capital of Serbia, was the
young man who caused the deaths of Francis Ferdinand and his wife. This
event created anger and hatred towards Serbia by Austro-Hungarians.
Austria-Hungary discussed her options of retaliation with her ally, Germany.
The Germans pressured .....
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The Influence Of The French Revolution On Romanticism
.... 282), and based their works on scientific
observations and logic (Thompson 895).
The Revolution gave the common people and writers more freedom to
express feelings and stimulated them to use reason. According to Thompson,
The Revolution "had a major impact on Nineteenth- Century European Life."
(895) It sent a strong wave of emotion and revival throughout France
(Peyre 59). This lead to new laws and standards for the citizens,
including newer, less imposing literary standards.
Romanticism marked a profound change in both literature and
thought. Romanticism, according to Webster's Dictionary, is def .....
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The Nazis And Their Rise To Power And Downfall
.... to an establishment populated by the elderly,
the weak, and the dissolute.
Hitler was born in a small town in Austria in 1889. As a young boy,
he showed little ambition. After dropping out of high school, he moved to
Vienna to study art, but he was denied the chance to join Vienna academy
of fine arts.
When WWI broke out, Hitler joined Kaiser Wilhelmer's army as a
Corporal. He was not a person of great importance. He was a creature of a
Germany created by WWI, and his behavior was shaped by that war and its
consequences. He had emerged from Austria with many prejudices, including
a powerful prejudice ag .....
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The Egyptian And Mesopotamian Empires
.... continually being refined in light of new
evidence and by the use of increasingly sophisticated dating techniques.
Some 60,000 years ago the Nile River began its yearly inundation of
the land along the banks, leaving behind silt ( a very rich deposit of dirt
left from over flooding. Areas close to the floodplain became attractive as
a source of food and water. In time, climatic changes, including periods of
aridity, further served to confine human habitation to the Nile Valley,
although this was not always true. From the Chalcolithic period (the Copper
age, beginning about 4000b.c.) into part of the Old Kingdom, people
apparently .....
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The Five Institutions Of The Middle Ages
.... as the
highest lord and the knight as the lowest vassal. The main purpose of the
feudal system was to provide fighting men who could ensure protection.
Feudalism was the first emergence of organized government in the Dark Ages.
Charlemagne was a born leader and a talented general, but also a
man so convinced of the value of religion and education that he made a
genuine attempt to revive the spiritual and cultural life in the Middle
Ages. Charlemagne was a brilliant administrator by carefully selecting
powerful Germanic nobles to help him and by creating the missi dominici. He
was an ingenious educator creating a standard c .....
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The Greeks' Contribution To Western Civilization
.... just one
country effected by Greek democracy.
Many great philosophers that influenced European philosophers were
from Greece. One example is Socrates. Socrates was one of the strongest
critics of the Sophists. One reason is because he believed that definite
standards did exist for truth and justice. However, he tried to convince
other Greeks to question themselves and their moral character. He believed
that, "there is only one good, knowledge: and only one evil, ignorance."
Another great philosopher was Plato. Plato was a student of Socrates'. He
wrote down his conversations with Socrates, "as means of philosophical
investiga .....
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The Nuclear Arms Race
.... of 1949, when Russia
detonated its own nuclear weapon, thus ending the U.S. monopoly. In
response, president Truman ordered the development of the hydrogen bomb in
January of 1950. However, the Soviet Union made the first H-bomb in August
of 1953. Then, the race escalated when the Inter-Continental Ballistic
Missile was developed in the summer of 1957, again by the Soviets. A
serious crisis arose in 1962, when the Soviets placed ballistic missiles in
Cuba, their new ally. The missiles were withdrawn when the U.S. threatened
nuclear retaliation. In return, President Kennedy's promised not to invade
Cuba. The world had never .....
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The Use Of Planes And Tanks In WWI
.... was the person who would improve this invention.
Anthony perfected Garros system of firing through the arc of the propeller.
In less than forty-eight hours, the Dutch aeronautical engineer and
manufacturer of that great line of German fighter planes improved
considerably on Garros Invention. Now that Fokker had this perfected, he
roamed the skies virtually unopposed.
Another plane that helped out in World War One was Nieuport 11 also
known as “ Be'be' ” or “Baby”. The Nieuport 11 was originally designed as a
racing plane to compete in the Gordon Bennett race of 1914. The 11 was
quickly recruited for military service at .....
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Trench Warfare On The Western Front
.... Narrow passages called “saps”
were dug at 90º to the main trench and were on average 30 yards long.
These saps led to isolated positions only large enough for two men and were
designed to listen for enemy movement. The sounds of shovels and picks
underground were listened for extremely closely because enemy mining
parties often tried to burrow beneath the front lines for a surprise attack
or to plant a bomb.
The German trenches near Somme were exceedingly more sophisticated
than the British trenches. Often, German trenches were practically
fortresses in a hole; sitting some 30-40 feet below ground as opposed to a
typical .....
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The Roman Legions
.... they give Rome ships or soldiers to help them
win the war. The Legionaries gave some foes partial rights or possibly
even allowed them to regain citizenship.
The Legions setup well designed fortresses or marching camps to
keep enemies from easily gaining an advantage on them when in combat. The
whole army slept together in the marching camp. The camp's defenses
consisted of a turf rampart, five or six feet high, behind a ditch. The
defenses were stronger than the marching camp, they often contained gates,
towers, etc. to gain an advantage on approaching enemies. Although the
marching camps were very complex and well designed .....
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World Wars Of The 20th Century
.... organization for all the belligerents remained the same as it had been
throughout the 19th century. They all had similar infantry and cavalry
divisions, artillery brigades, engineering companies, supply units, and
medical units.
The advances in technology that had been made since the American Civil War
were not sufficient to tip the balance either way. Both sides made use of
airplanes, tanks, radio, machine guns, and other inventions. The newness of
these technologies meant that they had to be adapted to wartime use on a
trial-and-error basis. Many inventions were developed for commercial use,
such as the telephone, radio, .....
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