"How Is Helium Produced?"
.... and for its long-term storage. With over 960 million cubic
meters (34.6 billion cubic feet) of helium in government storage and a large
private helium recovery industry, questions arise as to the need for either the
federal helium extraction program or the federally maintained helium stockpile.
In a move which would take the federal government out of the helium business,
Congress passed the Helium Privatization Act (H.R. 873) as part of the Seven-
Year Balanced Budget Reconciliation Act of 1995 (H.R. 2491). Although the
measure died when the President vetoed the Budget Act on December 6, 1995, the
Administration has made a goal th .....
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Acetylation Of Ferrocene
.... a
given substance. Both methods turn around a compounds polarity. As one recalls,
polarity is a measure of the electronegativity of a compound determined by their
placement in the periodic chart. Specifically, in this lab we are talking about
the difference in polarity between the atoms of oxygen and carbon. Ferrocene is
relatively low to none in polarity. Acetylferrocene, because of the carbonyl
functional group, is more polar than the ferrocene. Moreover, diacetylferrocene,
because of the 2:1 ratio of the carbonyl groups over the acetylferrocene, is the
most polar of the lot.
As stated above, both TLC and CG take advantage .....
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Chemistry: Acid-Base Titration
.... ) were 100% ionized in water and they were all
strong electrolytes. Procedure:
Part A. Investigating solid NaOH for use as a possible primary standard First of
all, The weight of a weighting paper was measured in analytical balance, then
added two pellets of NaOH and reweighed the total amount of those. At the end of
the lab, reweighed the combination and recorded all results in the lab manual.
Part B. Preparation and standardization of a solution of sodium hydroxide A
clean beaker, burette, three 250ml Erlenmeyer flasks, and florence flask were
rinsed by soap and distilled water. Poured 1.40g of NaOH into florence flask and
ad .....
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Acid Base Extraction
.... extraction from an ether
solution. Once the separation took place, and crystallization was carried out,
it became possible to determine what components were in the unknown mixture, by
means of a melting point determination.
Results
Procedure Observations
Inference
Dissolve 3.05g Phenol Mixture was a golden-Neutral acid
in 30ml brown/yellow color t-butyl methyl ether in
Erlenmeyer flask and transfer mixture to 125ml separatory funnel using little
ether to complete the transfer
Add 10 ml of water Organic .....
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Acid Rain
.... is
often quite difficult. A lake does not become acid over night. It happens over a
period of many years, some times decades. The changes are usually to gradual for
them to be noticed early.
At the beginning of the 20th century most rivers/lakes like the river
Tovdal in Norway had not yet begun to die. However by 1926 local inspectors were
noticing that many of the lakes were beginning to show signs of death. Fish were
found dead along the banks of many rivers. As the winters ice began to melt off
more and more hundreds upon hundreds more dead fish (trout in particular) were
being found. It was at this time that scientist be .....
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Acid Rain
.... regions that are near the Great Lakes, such
substances as limestone or other known antacids can neutralize acids entering
the body of water thereby protecting it. However, large areas of Ontario that
are near the Pre-Cambrian Shield, with quartzite or granite based geology and
little top soil, there is not enough buffering capacity to neutralize even small
amounts of acid falling on the soil and the lakes. Therefore over time, the
basic environment shifts from an alkaline to a acidic one. This is why many
lakes in the Muskoka, Haliburton, Algonquin, Parry Sound and Manitoulin
districts could lose their fisheries if sulphur emissio .....
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Aerosol Spray Cans
.... nozzle in the button. This allows the product
to be forced up the dip tube by the gas pressure in the can. The nozzle is
shaped to give a spray or a continuous stream.
To produce a fine mist, a propellant is used which mixes with the
product. The two leave the nozzle together and the propellant evaporates a soon
as it reaches the air, breaking the product in to tiny droplets. The same
technique used with a more viscous liquid and a wider nozzle results in a foam.
For a continuous stream of liquid or more viscous material, a nonmixing
propellant is used, and the dip tube reaches into the product.
The widespread use of aerosol c .....
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Analysis Of A Vapor Power Plant
.... above with the
numbers 1-13. The analysis of the system will involve the use of the Energy Rate
Balance to isolate the specific enthalpies and associated values of temperature,
pressure, specific volume, and steam quality. The Entropy balance equation will
be used to calculate the specific entropy at all the above noted states. Energy
Rate Balance (assume KE&PE=0) dEcv/dt = Qcv-Wcv+Smi(hi) - Sme(he)
Entropy Rate Balance dScv/dt = SQj/Tj + Smi(si) - Sme(se) + scv
For simplicity, it is assumed in all calculations that kinetic and potential
energy have a negligible effect. It is also assumed that each component in the
cycle i .....
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Analytical Chemistry
.... to be identified. Most chemical
methods of qualitative analysis require a very small amount of the sample.
Advance instrumental techniques often use less than one millionth of a gram. An
example of this is mass spectrometry.
Quantitative chemical analysis is used to determine the amounts of
constituents. Most work in analytical chemistry is quantitative. It is also
the most difficult. In principle the analysis is simple. One measures the
amount of sample. In practice, however, the analysis is often complicated by
interferences among sample constituents and chemical separations are necessary
to isolate tthe analyte or r .....
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Rutherford's Gold Foil Experiment
.... for such discoveries as
the atomic bomb and nuclear power. The atomic model he concluded after the
findings of his Gold Foil experiment have yet to be disproven. The following
paragraphs will explain the significance of the Gold Foil Experiment as well as
how the experiment contradicted Thomson's atomis model.
Rutherford began his experiment with the philosophy of trying "any dam
fool experiment" on the chance it might work.1 With this in mind he set out to
disprove the current atomic model. In 1909 he and his partner, Geiger, decided
Ernest Marsden, a student of the University of Manchester, was ready for a real
research pro .....
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Asimov On Chemistry By Isaac Asimov
.... then listed along when they when fisrt liquefied
by a chemist. Welcome, Stranger!
This talks about the rarest of stable enert gases, xenon. It also tells
why that in 1962 so many expirements were done involving this gas. Fisrt it
defines the word gas, and talks about different types in about four pages. Thens
he talks about how it is combined with flourine to form a poison.
Death in the Labratory
Here Asimov talks about how scientists have died due to poor lab
conditions and other matters. He also tells you a few way to poison youself in
a lab such as mixing xenon and flourine. He then goes off and explains how
flourine was .....
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Asymmetric Epoxidation Of Dihydronaphthalene With A Synthesized Jacobsen's Catalyst
.... and industrial products via the
synthetically versatile epoxy function .
In this paper, a synthesis of Jacobsen's catalyst is performed (Scheme
1). The synthesized catalyst is then reacted with an unfunctional alkene
(dihydronaphthalene) to form an epoxide that is highly enantiomerically enriched,
as well as an oxidized byproduct.
Jacobsen's work is important because it presents both a reagent and a
method to selectively guide an enantiomeric catalytic reaction of industrial
and pharmacological importance. Very few reagents, let alone methods, are
known to be able to perform such a function, which indicates the tru .....
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