Osteoporosis
.... are more likely to develop Osteoporosis than others. These
factors can increase your chances of getting osteoporosis.
-A family history of fractures in elderly women
-Use of certain medications
-Chronically low calcium intake
-Thin and/or small bones
-An inactive lifestyle
-Cigarette smoking
-Excessive use of alcohol
-Advanced age
Women have approximately 10 to 25 percent less total bone mass at maturity than
men, making them more open to osteoporosis. Osteoporosis is often called the
"silent disease" because bone loss occurs without symptoms. Peopl .....
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Our World In Medicine
.... has gone through many stages throughout history.
In prehistoric times, people believed that angry gods or evil spirits
caused disease. To cure the sick, the gods had to be pacified or the evil
spirits driven from the body. In time, this task became the job of the first
"physicians".3 The first - known surgical treatment was an operation called
trephining. Trephining involved use of a stone instrument to cut a hole in a
patient's skull. Scientists have found fossils of such skulls that date back as
far as 10,000 years.
Prehistoric people probably also discovered that many plants can be used
as drugs. For example, the use of .....
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The Dawn Of A New Age: PCP
.... for their the potent neurological effects, with PCP being the most
potent. Almost every variation has been administered to, or abused by, humans
at some time (Nintey Fifth Congress, 1978). All these compounds have similar
pharmacological effects, which vary considerably according to the amount
administered. Small doses produce a `drunken' state, in which subjects report a
numbness in the extremities, while some species (like dogs and cats) become
quite excited (Halberstadt, 1995). Intermediate doses have anesthetic and
analgesic effects , with the psychic state resembling sensory isolation with
one important exception: the senso .....
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Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
.... of
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder is particularly
bad for children under the age of 11, because they lack many of the skills
needed to protect themselves. Furthermore, this vulnerability is enhanced when
the child is exposed to any maltreatment. According to recent studies,
"Posttraumatic Stress Disorder is a common sequella of severe or chronic
maltreatment of children, particularly among sexually maltreated children (
Famularo, Symptom Differences... 28)". Posttraumatic Stress Disorder can be
caused if the child is exposed to just one traumatic episode (rape, witnessing a
violent crime, physical .....
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Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder
.... sufferers of
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Posttraumatic Stress Disorder is particularly
bad for children under the age of 11, because they lack many of the skills
needed to protect themselves. Furthermore, this vulnerability is enhanced when
the child is exposed to any maltreatment. According to recent studies,
"Posttraumatic Stress Disorder is a common sequella of severe or chronic
maltreatment of children, particularly among sexually maltreated children (
Famularo, Symptom Differences... 28)". Posttraumatic Stress Disorder can be
caused if the child is exposed to just one traumatic episode (rape, witnessing a
violent .....
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The Trials Of Toilet Training
.... of disapproval are all employed. Children learn best by imitation
and teaching with the aid of a hollow doll. The child gives the doll a drink
then is told the doll has to "peepee" and he must help her. After the child
assists in removing the doll's pants, the liquid is released. The child must
observe the flow of liquid. into the potty chair. The adult and the child then
praise the doll and the child then assists the doll in redressing and emptying
the pot in the standard toilet and flushes. Then the child is instructed to ask
is the doll is dry and feel her pants. If they are dry the doll gets a treat.
The child is then as .....
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Premature Infancy
.... he/she may
require some special attention. Usually, the child is monitored closely for
the first few weeks of its life, in order to make sure there is no problems
with the breathing or any other function of its body. The premature baby will
probably need supplemental oxygen to help it through the early stages, but
rarely will it need an actual respirator or other life-supporting device on a
full-time twenty four hour basis. In fact, giving the baby too much oxygen may
complicate problems, such as damages to the eyes. This is caused by a over-
abundance of oxygen in the blood stream, which in turn causes the blood vessels
of the .....
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Prenatal Diagnosis: Heredity Disorders, Other Biochemical Diseases, And Disfiguring Birth Defects
.... Lesch-
Nyhan syndrome, an extremely unpleasant disorder characterized not only by
profound mental retardation and features of brain damage (stiff limbs with
peculiar movements), but also self-mutilation, (Jones, 1988). Given good care
and attention however, these patients may live on many years in their profoundly
retarded state. They often require restraining, tying their hands, to prevent
them from mutilating themselves.
Another Affected children with Menkes steely-hair syndrome have hair
that feels similar to steel wool; in addition, they are retarded. The basic
defect in this condition concerns the way the body handles .....
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Knowledge Of Information
.... to his own health. There is a moral standard that condemns lies,
deception and withholding of relevant information. To tell Ralph that
"everything was all right and he would be up and around the house in no time at
all" is deceptive, as his condition is terminal, although he does not yet
realize it.
The ANA Standards of Clinical Nursing Practice states that clients should be
educated about ther illness, which is subsumed within Standards of Care (p3).
In Standard V-Ethics (p15), measurement criteria #3 states that "the nurse acts
as a client advocate" and #5 states the "nurse delivers care in a manner that
preserves and protects .....
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Prozac: Mania
.... and Nichols 38).
Part of the popularity of Prozac stems from declining health care. "As
medical plans cut back on coverage for psychotherapy, says [Dr. Robert] Birnbaum
of Boston's Beth Israel, psychiatrists feel pressure simply to Śmedicate and
then monitor side effects'" (Cowley 42). General practitioners, however, write
the majority of Prozac prescriptions. Both of these scenarios raise concerns,
as some psychiatrists state that it can be dangerous for antidepressants to be
used without concurrent psychotherapy sessions (Chisholm and Nichols 38). When
I discontinued my therapy sessions after two years, yet still c .....
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Quackery
.... health fraud, the result is the same - unfulfilled wishes, wasted dollars,
endangered health. Often quack products are fairly easy to spot, like the magic
pills you are supposed to take to stay forever young. But sometimes the products
are vaguely based on some medical report that you may even have heard about in
the news. In general, when looking over ads for medicines and medical devices,
watch out for those that seem to promise too much too easily. Quack cures rob us
of more than money. They can steal health away or even take lives. Quacks may
lure the seriously and often desperately ill, such as people suffering from
arthri .....
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Reye Syndrome
.... of these
cases being in children under six. Although less than five percent of Reye's
Syndrome cases occur in people over the age of sixty, the elderly are often the
most severely affected, due to old age and weakening immune systems. Infants,
while hindered by their young age, can often fight the infections of Reye
Syndrome better, for reasons doctors do not yet fully understand. The severity
of Reye's Syndrome is classified on a scale of 1-5, with one and two being the
onset of symptoms and four and five being the most severe, with the patient
being comatose. With the most severe of Reye's Syndrome cases, internal fluid
buil .....
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