Mission Days Report
.... expedition. The first, Gaspar de Portola was to lead the soldiers. The second, Friar Junipero Serra, was to lead the Franciscan priests and teach the Indians about God. Many supplies were needed for the trip and for the future missions, such as horses, cattle, seeds to plant and tools to work with the land. The considerable amount of planning for the expedition was completed.
The trip was divided into two parties. Two sailed by sea and two traveled by land. There were many difficulties along the way. Father Serra had trouble walking because he had been bitten in the leg. He asked the muleteer to help him and partially .....
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The Ninth And Tenth Century Dynasties
.... a minor scion of the dynasty took refuge with the Mamluks in Egypt, the 'Abbasid caliphate continued in name into the sixteenth century. In effect, however, it expired with the Mongols and the capture of Baghdad. From Iraq the Mongols pressed forward into Syria and then toward Egypt where, for the first time, they faced adversaries who refused to quail before their vaunted power. These were the Mamluks, soldier-slaves from the Turkish steppe area north of the Black and Caspian Seas with a later infusion of Circassians from the region of the Caucuses Mountains.
The Mamluks had been recruited by the Ayyubids and then, like .....
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The Renaissance And The Church
.... year 1305 the Roman Catholic Church was relocated from Rome to France. With this the power of the papal states was divided among the region's leading families. Starting near the year 1300 the demand for reform began to grow at a rapid pace. By the 1600's close to half of the practicing Catholics in western Europe had left the Church to join one of the new reformer religious groups. This reform brought about new ways of thought and new attitudes towards religion and the human race. The young German scholar realized that the way to salvation was "justification by faith." Martin Luther's beliefs were deemed to be heretic in .....
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Bangkok's Thammasat University Uprising
.... in Thailand.
Activist leader's general opinion was that it was about time that Thailand as a society, introspect. They insisted Thailand needed to stop being fearful about their past and must come to terms with their own history, both modern and pre-modern.
Taking a lead in exposing the gaps in official history is the Thai media, which in the past decade has grown more prolific and independent than its counterparts in much of South-East Asia.
An example of its role was early in 1996, when a mob attacked the house of Saphin Kaew-Ngaarn-Prasert in north-east Thailand's Nakhon Ratchasima province. The researcher h .....
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The Spanish-American War: What It Meant For Cuba And America
.... down my pen and listened to the notes of the bugle, which were singularly beautiful in the oppressive stillness of the night. . . . I was enclosing my letter in its envelope when the explosion came. It was a bursting, rending, and crashing roar of immense volume, largely metallic in character. It was followed by heavy, ominous metallic sounds. There was a trembling and lurching motion of the vessel, a list to port. The electric lights went out. Then there was intense blackness and smoke.
The situation could not be mistaken. The Maine was blown up and sinking. For a moment the instinct of self-preservation took charge of me, .....
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The French Revolution
.... The writings of the philosophes such as Voltaire and Diderot, were critical of the government. They said that not one official in power was corrupt, but that the whole system of government needed some change. Eventually, when the royal finances were expended in the 1780's, there began a time of greater criticism. This sparked the peasants notion of wanting change. Under the Old Regime in France, the king was the absolute monarch. Louis XIV had centralized power in the royal bureaucracy, the government departments which administered his policies. Together, Louis XIV and the bureaucracy worked to preserve royal authority and t .....
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Who Was Responsible For The Cold War?
.... near the end of the Second World War, and the actual causes of the Cold War tensions involving Communist and American aggression.
According to the conventional view, the Cold War was a conflict between two superpowers, caused by Soviet aggression, in which the US tried to contain the Soviet Union and protect the world from it. At the inception of the Cold War, the Soviet Union was on the verge of amassing a great deal of power, and it was this possibility that frightened the United States and brought about the Cold War. Any Soviet act of aggression was countered by the United States, further raising diplomatic tension. One suc .....
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What Were The Main Failings Of The July Monarchy ?
.... faith that appeale to the crowds in the streets of the city. The heterogeneity of this government by popular demand was to be a source of the weakness but a certain unity existed as far as the majority of it’s members though politically Republican were socially conservative.
Popular pressure nevertheless forced the new government to introduce measures which in the context of the period were radical: universal male suffrage, a reduction of the working day, national workshops as part of a guaranteed right to work and the Luxembourg commission to inquire into further reforms. The second of theses measures, however was inef .....
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Russia's Five Year Plans
.... to the new government policies.
After Lenin’s death in 1924, Joseph Stalin quickly gained control of the Communist party and the oppressive reforms started by Lenin were continued and at length became completely totalitarian. Stalin was able to attain control as a result of a multitude of reasons. He was not, however, Lenin’s choice for a successor. Lenin believed that Trotsky was the best suitable to take the Communist party to the next level. Trotsky was not all that popular among party members though and Stalin was in a position as Gen Sek, or General Secretary, to place his people in powerful positions throughout th .....
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The Ancient Mariners Of The Mediterranean And Ming Dynasty China: A Comparison Of Seafaring In The Ancient World
.... and those of the Ming Dynasty China emerge to become the great lords of the sea? This essay shall explore this question as well as these equally important ones: Who were these seafarers? Where did they sail? What did they do? How did the sail? How were their ventures organized? And why did they go to sea? But in order to fully understand how these questions apply to these two sea peoples, we must look at the cultures themselves to determine how each was called to the sea.
It has been said that the study of world maritime history is really a study of different cultures. These various cultures determine not .....
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Effects Of The WWII Atomic Bombs
.... system, Armageddon will be at our door." The decision to drop the atomic bomb on Japanese citizens in August, 1945, as a means to bring the long Pacific war to an end was justified-militarily, politically and morally.
The goal of waging war is victory with minimum losses on one's own side and, if possible, on the enemy's side. No one disputes the fact that the Japanese military was prepared to fight to the last man to defend the home islands, and indeed had already demonstrated this determination in previous Pacific island campaigns. A weapon originally developed to contain a Nazi atomic project was available t .....
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The Beginning Of World War II
.... Far East years before conflict in Europe. On September 18, 1931, the powerful Japanese military forces began an invasion of the region know as Machuria, an area belonging to Mainland, China. This action broke non-aggression treaties that had been signed earlier (Byrne, B1). Japanese generals without the consent of the Japanese government also carried it out. In spite of this, no one was ever punished for the actions. Soon after the assault on China, the Japanese government decided it had no choice but to support the occupation of Manchuria. By the next year the region had been completely cut off from China (Diana, 66). Because of .....
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