Supernova
.... is a NEUTRON STAR--a
star only a few kilometers in diameter having an enormously large density
and consisting mainly of neutrons--or a PULSAR, a pulsating neutron star.
There are two common types of supernovas, called type I and type II.
Type I occurs among old stars of small mass, whereas type II occurs among
very young stars of large mass. It is not known how a small-mass star can
release the very large amounts of energy needed to explain type I
supernovas. Scientists generally believe that this must involve binary
systems--two stars revolving around each other. In such a system one of the
stars is a WHITE DWARF, a sma .....
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Origin Of The Solar System
.... passed close to the Sun, and tidal perturbations between
the two stars drew out filaments of gas from which the planets condensed.
Theories of this type encounter enormous difficulties in trying to account
for modern information about the solar system, and they have generally been
discarded. By contrast, monistic theories envisage a disk of gas and dust,
called the primitive solar nebula, that formed around the Sun. Many of
these theories speculate that the Sun and the planets formed together from
the primeval solar nebula. A photograph taken in 1984 of a nearby star,
Beta Pictoris, appears to show a solar system forming in this wa .....
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Stars
.... constellation Lyra. Fainter stars are known by their numbers
in a catalog; HD 12938 is the 12,938th star in the Henry Draper Catalogue.
CHARACTERISTICS OF STARS
Each star in the universe has its own position, motion, size, mass,
chemical composition, and temperature. Some stars are grouped into clusters,
and stars and star clusters are collected in the larger groupings called
galaxies. Our GALAXY, the Milky Way, contains more than 100 billion stars.
Because tens of millions of other galaxies are known to exist, the total
number of stars in the universe exceeds a billion billion.
Positions, Motions, and Distances
Stars .....
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Eugenics
.... of all persons released from institutions, and declared void all marriages contracted in another state in an effort to avoid the Indiana law.”11 Negative eugenics was much more prevalent in society, as it seemed much more practical to eliminate defects than to try to isolate positive characteristics. The critics of the movement called negative eugenics “artificial selection,”12 in contrast to Darwinian natural selection theory. The selection was practiced in several forms, the most common of which was restricting marriages. The other most common method was through sterilization of those who carried “genetic handicaps.”13 .....
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The Metric System
.... degrees being the boiling point, While the Celsius (metric unit of measure for temperature) is read with one degrees Celsius being the freezing point of water, and one hundred degrees Celsius being the boiling point.
I think that the metric system should be used everywhere in the world because it would make all measurements universal and understandable. I think that the United States of America will someday switch to the metric way of measuring.
There is only one thing that I really don’t like about the metric system and that is that a meter stick is like a ruler and it is most commonly used. I don’t want to use something .....
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Hormone Use In Livestock
.... in fat production causing the animal to require more energy for the production of muscle. Manufactured PST will provide a boost in the natural levels of PST in a maturing pig. If there is more PST, there will be more efficient utilization of feed and fat production will be kept to a minimum.
PST is effective if it is taken in the expected dose of 5mg/pig/day. If the pig is given a substantially larger amount, 15mg/pig/day, there will be side effects. Researchers have shown that a pig on a high amount of PST will have gastric ulcers.
Porcine somatotropin must be injected or implanted into the animals. If PST is taken ora .....
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Genetic Engineering, History And Future
.... to understanding genetic engineering, and embracing its possibilities for society, is to obtain a rough knowledge base of its history and method. The basis for altering the evolutionary process is dependant on the understanding of how individuals pass on characteristics to their offspring. Genetics achieved its first foothold on the secrets of nature's evolutionary process when an Austrian monk named Gregor Mendel developed the first "laws of heredity." Using these laws, scientists studied the characteristics of organisms for most of the next one hundred years following Mendel's discovery. These early studies concluded that eac .....
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Copper And Aluminium
.... copper extremely useful include -
Conductivity - Silver is the only better conductor, but is too expensive for common use. Copper also conducts both electricity and heat extremely well, which makes it extremely useful for cooking utensils, radiators, and refrigerators.
Malleability - Copper is highly malleable. It does not crack when hammered, stamped, or forged, and can be worked when it is both hot and cold. It can be rolled into sheets less than 0.05mm thick. Cold rolling changes the physical properties of copper, and increases its strength.
Ductility - Copper has the ability to be drawn into thin wires without breakin .....
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Nuclear Power: Worth The Risks?
.... nuclear power is safe and efficient. Also have big Oil corporations who have a lot of money invested in nuclear power and want to see as many plants as possible put into and kept in operation. The truth is that accidents do happen at nuclear power plants and at other facilities all the time. An accident at a nuclear power plant has the potential to be much more devastating than an accident at a coal or gas plant because of the radiation that could be released. An example of this is Three Mile Island in Pennsylvania where there was a partial core meltdown in march of 1979 and an"acceptable"amount of radiation escaped into the .....
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Changing Undesirable Behaviors
.... from the house when it was given the opportunity during the first four days. As the days progressed, it's total number of escapes decreased. This could be attributed to the fact that every time it found it's way outside, it was immediately picked up and returned to it's proper location. This is a perfect example of using the untraining technique of "negative reinforcement". Even thought the intent was to protect the cat from the harsh threats that awaited it in the real world, it was effective in reducing the number of escapes. After data collection was completed for the four days of observation, a program was implemented to .....
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Ocean Pollution
.... and automotive products are also polluting our ocean. You wouldn't believe it but all of those products I just named regularly end up in water. About 65,000 chemicals are used commercially in the U.S. Today, with about 1,000 new ones added each year. Only about 300 have been extensively tested for toxicity. I think that since our oceans are doing so bad the U.S. should put a ban on new, and old, products that pollute the oceans.
Metals and slowly degrading chemicals threaten inland and coastal waters. Toxic materials settle into sea floor where they accumulate as hazards to organisms that live in and feed on bottom floors. .....
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A Study Of B.F. Skinner And Behaviorism
.... of the nervous system. He received his Ph.D. in behavioral psychology at Harvard in 1931. In 1936, he then worked as part of the faculty at the University of Minnesota. A few years later in 1939 to 1945, during World War II, he designed the "baby box" or better known to psychologist as the "Skinner box". It was a controlled environmental chamber for infants and he was even disturbed enough to allow his daughter Deborah to spend the first couple of years of her life in it. He has studied in the realm of psychology involving "programmed instruction", which involves the "principles of learning determined in the laboratory whi .....
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