Fiber Optics
.... answered by technical advances.
Fibre is fragile
An optical fibre has greater tensile strength than copper or steel fibres of the
same diameter. It is flexible, bends easily, and resists most corrosive
elements that attack copper cable. Optical cables can withstand pulling forces
of more than 150 pounds.
Fibre is hard to work with
This myth derives from the early days of fibre optic connectors. Early
connectors where difficult to apply; they came with many small parts that could
tax even the nimble fingered. They needed epoxy, curing, cleaving and polishing.
On top of that, the technologies of epoxy, curing, cleaving an .....
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The Geiger-Muller Tube
.... ready for the beginning of a new avalanche when another
particle or gamma ray enters it.
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The Space Shuttle
.... November 28-December 8, 1983,
which carried the first of the European Space Agency's Spacelabs; the 11th
mission, April 7-13, 1984, during which a satellite was retrieved, repaired, and
redeployed; and the 14th mission, November 8-14, 1984, when two expensive
malfunctioning satellites were retrieved and returned to earth.
Despite such successes, the shuttle program was falling behind in its planned
launch program, was increasingly being used for military tests, and was meeting
stiff competition from the European Space Agency's unmanned Ariane program for
the orbiting of satellites. Then, on January 28, 1986, the shuttle Challen .....
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Fern Life Cycle
.... dishes for another week.
The third week of our fern lab we identified the difference between male
and female gametophytes. We did this by taking a culture from our petri dish and
placing it under a dissecting microscope. Due to the male and female being both
located on the same prothallus it was necessary to obtain the exact location of
the antherium and the archegonium from the lab book or the instructor. Once this
was done it was fairly easy to tell the difference between the male gametophyte
or (antheridium) and female gametophyte (archegonium) on the prothallus. The
antheridium was located around the perimeter of the prothal .....
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Voltage: Ohm's Law And Kirchhoff's Rules
.... analyzed to find the current and voltage at each point of the circuit using 2
basic rules formulated by Kirchhoff. 1) The algebraic sum of current at any
branch point in a circuit is zero. 2) The algebraic sum of potential difference,
V, around any closed loop in a circuit is zero. These rules and equations
provided by the Ohm's law and the Kirchhoff rule can be experimentally tested
with the apparatus available in the lab
EXPERIMENTAL METHOD
The apparatus used in the experiment includes a Voltmeter, an Ammeter,
some connecting wires and a series of resistors and light bulb with varies
resistance. This experiment could be di .....
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What Is Physics And What Are Its Uses?
.... of a narrow, intense beam of coherent light. New laser
microsurgery can actually alter the shape of the cornea in the eye so the
patient's eyesight can return to normal, and he/she will no longer need those
bothersome glasses. Ultrasound is used in the medical field for destroying
various unwanted substances in the body such as kidney stones. Ultrasound uses
sound waves to dissolve these foreign bodies. If not for physics, ultrasounds
would never have been discovered and utilized. MRI scans, another new
discovery, are able to show a complete three dimensional picture of the
interior structure of the body, and are extremel .....
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The Laser
.... Basically a laser is a device which produces and then amplifies light
waves and concentrates them into an intense penetrating beam.
The principles of the laser (and it's cousin the maser) were established
long before these devices were successfully developed. In 1916 Albert Einstein
proposed stimulated emission, and other fundamental ideas were discussed by V.A.
Fabrikant in 1940. These ideas, followed by decades of intensive development of
microwave technology set the stage for the first maser (a laser made up of
micro-waves), and this in turn helped to produce more advances in this area of
science. These efforts cumulated .....
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Lenz's Law And Faraday's Law Of Induction
.... decreases, so the
induced current produces an upward magnetic field that is "trying" to maintain
the status quo.
Let us consider what would happen if Lenz's law were just the reverse.
The induced current would produce a flux in the same direction as the original
change; this greater change in flux would produce an even larger current,
followed by a still larger change in flux, and so on. The current would continue
to grow indefinitely, producing power (=) even after the original stimulus ended.
This would violate the conservation of energy. Such "perpetual - motion" devices
do not exist.
It is important to note, .....
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The MOBOT Project: Longwood
.... would be the
simplest to build and the most merciful on our pocketbooks. Even though we were
coming up with some good ideas, each design seemed to contain some major
problems. One of the reoccurring problems dealt with the synchronization of the
driver motor and the steering system. Finally the team came up with a design
that allowed the drive and steering controls to be independent of one another,
but still allowing each one to be linked in time. This design has now become
what is known as LONGWOOD.
The Longwood is divided into two main parts: 1)motion system and 2)logic
board. As the engineer, I was responsible for moti .....
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Fire Ants
.... wave of imported ants recognized as Solenopsis Invicta Buren or red
fire ants(4. Lockley 33). This second wave of ants arrived in about 1945 and
spread much more rapidly and dominated the previous more passive black ant(5.
Lockley 34). Homer Collins, a fire ant expert, stated that "The new invader,
known as the red imported fire ant, proved more adaptive and rapidly displaced
the existing imported black ant. By 1949, Solenopsis Invicta Buren were the
dominant species of imported fire ant. Ants could be found in commercial
ornamental-plant nurseries in the heart of the Southeast." Red ants are a
particularly aggressive ant .....
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The Luminescence Of Black Light
.... Ultra-violet light is an
exciting agent which causes luminescence to occur.
There are many materials which exhibit fluorescent characteristics.
Many of which are even organic. Teeth, eyes, some portions of the skin, and
even blood exhibit fluorescent qualities. Naturally occurring minerals such as:
agate, calcite, chalcedony, curtisite, fluorite, gypsum, hackmanite, halite,
opal scheelite, and willemite, also have similar characteristics. These
materials can be used in industries.
The radiance of ultraviolet light is measured in units called
"Angstrom." The intensity of ultraviolet fluorescence is the greatest between
the 50 .....
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Magnatism & The Things We Think We Know About It!
.... in a direction which
causes a certain charge are lined up on one side and all the atoms with the
opposite charge move to the other side. The atoms then start to cancel each
other out as they approach the center of the magnet. This all happens at the
currie point where these atoms are free to move and then when cooled and the
metel becomes solid the atoms can no longer move (barely) causing a "permanent"
magnet (as in the diagram on the next page). This same principle can be applied
to a piece of metal that has been sitting next to a magnatized piece of metel in
that over the long time they are togather the very slow moving .....
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