Vivisection
.... By the late
eighteenth century, the methods of scientific discovery were changer to
experimentation of live animals by two French physiologists, Claude Bernard and
Francious Magnedie. They revolutionized methods of scientific discovery by
establishing live animal as common practice (1:4). Claude Bernard believed that
in order for medicine to progress, there must be experimental research, and
affirmed that "vivisection is indispensable for physical research". This is when
the anti-vivisection movement was established ("vivisection").
There are different views as to why or why not there should be animal
experimentation. For examp .....
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Managing Waste, To Save Our World
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Water Biomes
.... to
reduce pollution downstream. Despite their great environmental value, marshes
are continually being destroyed by drainage and filling.
Marine Life, plants and animals of the sea, from the high-tide mark
along the shore to the depths of the ocean. These organisms fall into three
major groups: the benthos, plants such as kelp and animals such as brittle stars
that live on or depend on the bottom; the nekton, swimming animals such as
fishes and whales that move independently of water currents; and plankton,
various small to microscopic organisms that are carried along by the currents.
Shore Life, the essentially marine organism .....
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Water Pollution
.... million
dollars fines for disposing waste. Because of that, ships now carry less garbage
with them.
Animals are not the only thing being harmed by water wastes. Fishing
lines, rope, and plastic nets are being caught in the rutter and the engine, but
the ships are not exactly perfect.
The other main cause of water pollution is industrial waste. Industries
do not be harmed by water pollution but the cause much it. Many companies pour
chemicals into the waterways. Some of the businesses that contribute to the
water pollution are businesses that repair and maintain motor vehicles,
electroplate, operate printing and coping equipmen .....
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Water Pollution: Is It As Big Of A Problem As We Think?
.... Sulfide. Pulp and paper mills, and municipal
sewage causes BOD. Nutrients: Nutrients, particularly nitrogen and phosphorus,
enrich waters and accelerate the aging of lakes and streams. Also, the result
of this is rich plant life which prohibits recreational activities. Plankton
blooms depress oxygen levels (as mentioned before) and therefore, endanger
living organisms. Major sources of nutrients are municipal sewage and
agricultural runoff. Toxic Materials: Can affect the health of aquatic organisms
and their consumers, and the people who drink the contaminated water. The
toxicants include lead, mercury, DDT, PCB, benzopyre .....
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Weather Forecasting
.... the weather, the reason I don't
say predict the weather is because even though all forecasters have the same
information and data at their fingertips, the way that they interpret what is in
front of them can be different. Meteorologists receive information from various
sources, but their interpretation of the data determines the accuracy of their
prediction.
Someone might ask, "If forecasters have so much information on a
particular area; how could they predict a flawed forecast ?" The answer to
that question lies in the fact that any one of a number of weather conditions
may ruin a forecast. A fast cold or hot fron .....
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The Wolf
.... not know, we fear. Our fear is perhaps the greatest
threat to the survival of the wolf, for it causes us to react rather than act,
to repel rather than respect. But this fear and hatred did not always separate
man and beast
Man the hunter once looked on the wolf the hunter with admiration. Man and
wolf both used their keen intelligence to overcome the disadvantages they faced
in their day-to-day existence. Survival for both was enhanced by hunting and
living in groups or packs. And, at one time, the chance of survival for each was
also increased by following, learning from, and adapting the skills of the other
to its own advan .....
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Galileo Galilei "founder Of Modern Experimental Science"
.... was used by weighing
the objects in water.
Galileo returned to Pisa in 1589 and became a professor in math. He
taught courses in astronomy at the University of Pisa, based on Ptolemy's theory
that the sun and all of the planets move around the earth. Teaching these
courses, he became more understanding of astronomy.
In 1592, the University of Padua gave him a professorship in math. He
stayed at that school for eighteen years. He learned and believed Nicolaus
Copernicus's theory that all of the planets move around the sun, made a
mechanical tool called a sector, explained the tides based on Copernican theory
of motion .....
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Galileo
.... they were dealing with their hypothesizes.
Galileo's Hypothesis
Galileo was well known for standing up for what he believed in and
pushing the things he wanted. He was constantly writing letters and engaging in
debates over the issue of Copernicanism. Galileo's entire reason for doing this
was to make the scientific and religious communities accept that Copernicanism
was actually a fact and that there was enough proof to believe it. One example
of the way Galileo strongly pushed his beliefs on others was the way he preached
Copernicanism to the people of Rome in 1615. While he was in Rome trying to
improve the church's opin .....
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Seeing The Vessels Of The Retina
.... recorded for me. I am first:
JOSH: I could see black blood vessels with orange in the background...it looked
like a lot of dead tree.
BRENDA: The blood vessels resembled jagged lighting bolts or trees in the winter
time.
LAURA: I saw crooked lines that didn't stand still, but kept changing.
DARWIN: The image appeared to be in front of the body and quite enlarged. I
found that it takes practice to see this.
BRYAN: Sometimes your eye gets tired before you can successfully do this, so you
may have to use the other eye or take a rest and try it again.
MATT: I saw black lines that branched out and kept moving. I also saw orang .....
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Wavelength Of 10 Or Higher And 11 Down. Gamma Rays Are Produced In Labs
.... atomic bombs.
Gamma rays are often used in the food industry. The radioisotopes
preserve foods. Although the rays never come in contact with the food, Beta
radiation kills various organisms such as bacteria, yeast, and insects. Gamma
rays are sometimes used in science. They are used to detect Beryllium. They also
played a very important role in the development of the atomic bomb.
Gamma Rays can be very dangerous to use or be in contact with. Gamma
rays bombard our bodies constantly. They come from the naturally radioactive
materials in rocks and soil. We take some of these materials into our bodies
from the air we breath and t .....
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Apollo 13 (AS-508): Houston, We Have A Problem.
.... time
the relief valve probably reseated, causing the pressure to rise again
momentarily. About a quarter of a second later, a vibration disturbance was
noted on the command module accelerometers.
The next series of events occurred within a fraction of a second between
the accelerometer disturbances and the data loss. A tank line burst, because of
heat, in the vacuum jacket pressurizing the annulus and, in turn, causing the
blow-out plug on the vacuum jacket to rupture. Some mechanism in bay 4 combined
with the oxygen buildup in that bay to cause a rapid pressure rise which
resulted in separation of the outer panel. The panel s .....
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