Anselm's Ontological Argument And The Philosophers
.... with, say, Crito.
Later philosophers have both accepted and denied the validity of
Anselm's famous ontological argument for the existence of God, presented in both
the Proslogium and Monologium. Anselm did not first approach the argument
with an open mind, then examine its components with a critical eye to see which
side was best. Anselm had made up his mind about the issue long before he began
to use dialectic to attempt to dissect it. "Indeed, the extreme ardor which
impels him to search everywhere for arguments favorable to the dogma, is a
confession his part that the dogma needs support, that it is debatab .....
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A Philosophy For All: An Analysis Of The Tao
.... as a
whole before she individually addressed their complaints.
Lao-tzu also uses contradiction in Ch 22,
"If you want to become whole,
let yourself be partial.
If you want to become strait,
let yourself be crooked.
If you want to become full,
let yourself be empty.
If you want to be reborn,
let yourself die..."
In other words, if a person wants to succeed she must first understand the
opposition. This strategy is used often in war. In order to predict what the
enemy will do next, one can think like the enemy, be the enemy. Another way to
understand this contradiction is by applying it to modern day life. In many
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Aristotle On Friendship
.... for their own personal
benefit. An example would be a working relationship with an individual. These
are people who do not spend much time together, possibly because they do not
like each other, and therefore feel no need to associate with one another unless
they are mutually useful. They take pleasure from each other's company just for
their own sake. Aristotle uses the elderly and foreigners as examples of
friendships based on utility.
The second type of friendship is a friendship based on pleasure. This
friendship is made between two people that wish to gain pleasure from one
another. Aristotle uses the young as an e .....
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Aristotle: A Comprehensive View On Nature And Society
.... that which constitutes Natural
Objects as substances. He states that all Natural Substances consist of both
form and matter. Matter is that out of which the substance arises and form is
that into which the matter develops. In building a table, the wood, nails, etc.,
are the matter, and the idea of a table, what the end result will be, is the
form, according to Aristotle. Matter and form are inseparable from each other;
there is no 'form' apart from concrete things. Aristotle explains that all
substances contain within themselves the origin of their change and movement.
He continues by stating that the change which can occu .....
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Atomism: Democritus And Epicurus
.... the way in which this complex motion begins is a source of
controversy and disagreement amongst the Atomists.
Democritus assumes that the atoms' motion is perpetual. The atoms are
never at rest. He presumes that their nature is to move, thereby avoiding “the
problem of explaining the origin of the complex motion of atoms by simply
affirming that it is in their nature to move so” (Jones 85). He believes that
atoms are born along with the whole universe in a vortex. The vortex is not an
outside influence, but rather the motion of the atoms themselves. He never
accounts for the initiation of this motion. He simply sta .....
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Berkeley
.... is George Berkeley. In truth, it is the immaterialist position that
seems the most logical when placed under close scrutiny.
The initial groundwork for Berkeley's position is the truism that the
materialist is a skeptic. In the writing of his three dialogues, Berkeley
develops two characters: Hylas (the materialist) and Philonous (Berkeley
himself). Philonous draws upon one central supposition of the materialist to
formulate his argument of skepticism against him; this idea is that one can
never perceive the real essence of anything. In short, the materialist feels
that the information received through sense experience gives a re .....
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Kant: The Universal Law Formation Of The Categorical Imperative
.... truthfully when queried. Therefore, this
maxim is logical and everyone can abide by it without causing a logical
impossibility. The next logical step is to apply the second stage of the test.
The second requirement is that a rational being would will this maxim to
become a universal law. In testing this part, you must decide whether in every
case, a rational being would believe that the morally correct action is to tell
the truth. First, it is clear that the widow expects to know the truth. A lie
would only serve to spare her feelings if she believed it to be the truth.
Therefore, even people who would consider lying to .....
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Classical Theory Structure
.... of discipline
is an integral part of the organization that wants to promote efficiency (Pace &
Faules, 1994, chapter 3). They are intentionally designed without attention to
personal or emotional considerations to prevent distortion of employees'
rational judgment in carrying out their assigned duties. Employees working in
a classically structured organization are encouraged to maintain distinction
between their private and professional lives. The last tenet of Max Weber's
theory involves security and advancement. He held that security in a position
was gained by tenure. For motivated individuals who want to advance their
car .....
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Practical Cognition
.... (no one to be taken seriously is) because there is a constraint to
how relative the truth can be; Humans are making the truth judgements, and
humans have a common element, viz . their needs, which do not vary greatly
between people.
Humans are in contact with nature at a fundamental level. The human
understanding of nature is a consequence of the fact that nature confronts
humans when they try to fulfill their needs. This is the case with any organism,
and each species reacts according to the tools of that species. One of the human
tools is the intellect, and it works through the cognition of the perception of
elements of natu .....
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Compare How Hobbes And Augustine Think The Condition Of War Arises And Defend One Author's Account Of `ordinary' Morality As An Antedote For It
.... of God.
In Book XIX, Augustinian social theory summarizes the principle of
ordered harmony. This theory finds perfection in a mutual society that believes
in God. Believing in God, though, lends a problem in the simple rule of justice:
how do we give each other their due? Seemingly, war or hostility would not be a
part of a Christian's life on earth. Augustine counters by indicating that war
may be and is waged by God's commandment. To Augustine, waging war out of
obedience to God is very different than to wage war for personal gain. But even
wars caused by unselfish humans can be profitable to the faithful through
pat .....
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Compare Happiness And Life Between D. H. Lawrence's "You Touched Me" And
.... Nietzshe describes life with the help of a
man and a beast. The beast always forgets what he wants to say and what he said.
This behaviour is also called forgetfulness. He (Nietzshe) claims that [life in
any true sense is absolutely impossible without forgetfulness]. He also says
something about death. [And when death brings at last the desired forgetfulness,
it abolishes life and being together, and sets the seal on the knowledge that
"being" is merely a continual "has been", a thing that lives by denying and
destroying and contradicting itself]. He also mentions a universal law about
living things. [A living thing can onl .....
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Augustine's "Confessions"
.... and source of everything. Not only is He the source, but he is the
reason for its continued existence. The next step Augustine takes regards the
nature of God's creation.
For Augustine, God is good, because everything He made is good. “You
are our God, supreme Good, the Creator and Ruler of the universe” (1.20), and
again, “Therefore, the God who made me must be good and all the good in me is
His”(1.20). Everything about God is good. There is no aspect of Him that is
lacking, false, or not good. These characteristics are in turn transferred to
His creation. “You, my God, are the source of all good”(1.6). How .....
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